A Closer Look at New Deal Muralist Wendell Jones

Wendell Jones, "Farmer Family" (Treasure Section, 1940)A fixture of the mid-century Woodstock arts scene, Wendell Jones painted four murals for the New Deal’s Section of Fine Arts. His works were admired by government officials and his peers alike, including Philip Guston.

 

From June to October 2014, the Woodstock Artists Association and Museum held the first major retrospective of Jones’s work since the 1950s. Rediscovering Wendell Jones, 1899-1956 showcased an artist conformable in a range of forms: His sunbaked Southwestern cityscapes, his cluttered and overcast Hudson Valley landscapes, abstract expressionist paintings from the 1950s. The exhibit also presented the four New Deal murals Jones was commissioned to paint in the Midwest and the South. The Living New Deal has previously marked Jones’s work on our map. But only recently did Peter Jones hear about us and reach out to let us know about this major exhibit of his father’s work. Peter Jones was generous enough to send us the accompanying catalogue. This slim volume beautifully captures the variety of Wendell Jones’s paintings, and features a foreword by Josephine Bloodgood, the Executive Director and Curator of the WAAM’s Permanent Collection, and an introduction by Peter Jones that draws together personal memories and extant scholarship. There is also a helpful chronology of the artist’s life, vivified through photographs from the family collection. The result is a sense of Wendell Jones’s work in the context of his own personal and creative development, as well as his devotion to New Deal civic-mindedness.

 

Indeed, Jones’s New Deal murals display a range of moods and circumstances. If Jones’s paintings for the Section of Fine Arts are unified by the theme of collective work, their subject matters traverse eras and moods. First Pulpit in Granville, painted for the Granville, Ohio, post office in 1938, is a lush, densely packed historical epic of community building through the religious revivals of a century earlier, its figures bathed in light. Indeed, Jones believed, according to art historian Karal Ann Marling, that depictions of local history “could stir up in local residents a feeling of pride in their present circumstances, because such events were a part of local consicousnes, in which the aspirations of forefathers and descendants met.” Farmer Family, painted for the Johnson City, Tennessee, post office in 1940, illustrates vigorous industrial and rural work among Johnson City’s inhabitants—train conductors, construction workers, dairy farmers, and lounging workers in overalls smoking, eating, debating. So much activity clustered together, with little room to breathe. One wonders, in this painting, if “family” is a word whose meaning is symbolic.

 

Jones’s work is currently housed in private collections, as well as the Frances Lehman Loeb Art Center at Vassar College, the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth, and the de Young Museum in San Francisco. In order to purchase the catalogue to Rediscovering Wendell Jones, contact the Woodstock Artists Association and Museum.

 

 

Gabriel Milner is Project Manager for The Living New Deal. He is a trained cultural historian who teaches courses in U.S. History at the University of California, Berkeley, and Stanford University.

Post Office Mural – Westerville OH

Olive Nuhfer painted this oil-on-canvas mural, entitled “The Daily Mail,” in 1937 with funding from the Treasury Section of Fine Arts. Created for the then-new Westerville post office, it has since been relocated to USPS’s current operation.

From the Pittsburgh Press, December 19, 1937:

A cool reception was accorded the mural painted by Olive Nuhfer, Pittsburgh artist, for the village of Westerville, O., where it has been installed in the post office, under a Government art project. Commented “Public Opinion,” the community newspaper: “The painting is well done, but it seems to us that the artist had in mind a street scene bordering on the steel plants of Pittsburgh, rather than Westerville. The houses and principal characters, especially the housewife and the urchin, give one that impression. They just don’t happen to be typical of Westerville.”

The Pittsburgh artist’s mural depicted an typical village street scene, with an average looking postman delivering mail. The artist replied to the criticism by admitting that she had not visited the town in order to make sketches for the mural, because the Government had awarded her the commission on the basis of sketches she had submitted for murals in a post office in Maryland. They were considered suitable for the Ohio town.

Post Office Mural – Wauseon OH

The New Deal mural “Cooperative Planning and Development of Wauseon” was painted for the Wauseon, Ohio post office. The oil-on-canvas work, painted by Jack J. Greitzer (1910-1989) and commissioned by the Treasury Section of Fine Arts, is viewable in the post office lobby.

Post Office Mural – Riverside NJ

The historic post office building in Riverside, New Jersey contains a federal Treasury Section of Fine Arts mural. Entitled “The Town of Progress – 1855,” the oil-on-canvas mural by John Poehler was completed in 1940.

Clinton Federal Building: Lee Murals – Washington DC

The Clinton Federal Building (north) was originally the US Post Office Department headquarters, completed under the New Deal in 1934.  It contains a wealth of New Deal artworks commissioned and paid for by the Treasury Section of Fine Arts: 25 murals and 22 sculptural elements (12 bas-reliefs, 2 statues, 8 wood medallions). Most are on postal themes.

Doris Lee painted two large (6′ x 13.5′) murals for the Post Office Department on the theme of “The Development of the Post in the Country.” The two were painted in 1938 and titled, “Country Post” and “General Store.”   They hang in the 6th floor of the north wing of the building.

Sarah Gordon comments that, “…during the New Deal era, Rural Free Delivery represented democracy itself: every farmer in the nation had the same privileges of citizenship, including the delivery of mail, as every city dweller. Indeed, mail delivery to rural communities served as a vital conduit of information and a crucial link between urban and rural America. In her murals, Lee includes references to the news, commerce, transportation, and the law while she affectionately portrays familiar details of country life.” (GSA)

The building is presently occupied by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and  is not freely open to the public. To arrange for a tour of the New Deal murals, email [email protected].  

 

Post Office Mural – Union City IN

The Union City post office houses an example of New Deal artwork: “Country Cousins,” a Section of Fine Arts mural, completed by Donald M. Mattison in 1938. The size of the mural is 12′ x 3′ and the medium is oil on canvas.