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  • School Building Maintenance - Hatfield MA
    The federal Civil Works Administration (C.W.A.) and Federal Emergency Relief Administration (F.E.R.A.) furnished the cost of labor for the painting of five schools in Hatfield, Massachusetts in 1934. Other improvements were made to all schools in the town that year, putting them in "first class condition" (Town Report). "Owing to the use of WPA governmental funds in the past few years," the town's Report of School Committee from 1939 noted, "our local maintenance costs have been held to a low figure." The exact facilities in question and locations of the five schools is not presently known to Living New Deal.
  • School Construction and Repairs - Blue Hill ME
    Annual town reports of 1933 and 1934 describe extensive work by Federal Agencies in repair of school facilities in this picturesque small coastal town. Until the construction of Consolidated School in 1939, most were the typical one- or two-room schools. 1933 The town selectmen in the Warrant said: "35 To see if the town will vote to authorize and instruct the selectmen and treasurer to make application for and borrow from the government under the provisions of the National Industrial Recovery Act funds for the construction of the school building proposed in Article 33." "SUPERINTENDENT’S REPORT I herewith submit my annual report as superintendent of...
  • School Ground Improvements - Honaker VA
    The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)'s "constructive project work" in Russell County, Virginia included "the Honaker school ground." The location and status of the facility is unknown to Living New Deal, though a historic map shows a school at the site of the current high school in Honaker.
  • School Improvements - Mansfield MA
    The schools of Mansfield, Massachusetts received assistance throughout the New Deal. Early New Deal-sponsored improvements came from the Civil Works Administration and the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, saving the town's taxpayers money. The town's 1933 Annual Report states: "Late in November, the Civil Works Administration approved a request of the School Department for $1,558.20 for the employing of seven local men in a program of repairs to school buildings and equipment. ... Besides numerous small jobs of repair work ... several larger projects are planned. These are, a new chimney at the Main Street School; a new floor in a basement room...
  • School Improvements (demolished) - Skowhegan ME
    The Independent Reporter often covered the ongoing work of the New Deal at providing relief for the unemployed on work in Skowhegan. In 1933-1934, the CWA and then FERA carried out extensive improvements to the local junior and senior high schools, including grading the schools' grounds and other landscaping, building roads, constructing a new athletic field and re-painting and cleaning the school interiors. The High School moved onto the island in 1869. In 1919, a new High School was constructed across the river from the island and the Junior High moved into the old High School. In the 1980's a new...
  • School Repairs - Cranberry Isles ME
    The 1934 - 1935 town report mentions Federal help in this island community of 349 (1930 population): "All school buildings have been cleaned and, under the F. E. R. A. project, both buildings have been shingled, and the outside trimmings at the Islesford school have been painted. It was hoped that under another project the interior of our schools could be painted and other necessary improvements made. It is possible that this may materialize later. In closing, I wish to heartily thank the superintending school committee and citizens for their support during the year." The town share was $606
  • School Repairs - Rangeley ME
    Much work was accomplished in the resort community of Rangeley (1930 pop. 1,472) by the New Deal in the improvement of education facilities and child support. 1933 FEDERAL AID FOR THE SCHOOLS Nursery School Project The Federal Government is paying the salary of the Nursery School teacher and is also paying for the dinners for these children. 15 children are now in attendance at this school. This school is provided for the children of those families who are on relief or eligible to relief. The Federal Relief Administrator has also loaned the Nursery School some blankets. Milk Project for Underweight Children The town is now...
  • School Repairs - Winter Harbor ME
    In 1934 the E.R.A. helped in a school repair project No. - 05 - 43 - BL - 01 "This year the Grammar Building had its three class rooms painted two coats. One of its chimneys was built higher so that the stove that keeps the toilets warm would have a better draft. The front of this building had two coats of paint, and some work was done on the foundation. All of the seats and desks at this building were refinished so that they are as good as new. The outside of the high school building had two coats of...
  • School Toilets - Holden ME
    The 1934-35 town report mentioned: "Toilets were built at Wiswell Hill and Clewleyville as E. R. A. projects. The town paid for the material, the Federal Government for the labor. Cost at Wiswell Hill for material $127.26 Cost at Clewleyville for material 118.30" The town of Holden had 8 one room school houses. Earlier reports complained about the deplorable condition that the toilet facilities at the schools were in.
  • Schoolground Improvements - Dover MA
    The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (F.E.R.A.) conducted in-fill landscaping work at the then-school building in Dover, Mass. in 1934. The precise location is unknown to Living New Deal.
  • Schools - Kim CO
    The schoolhouse in Kim, sited in the Comanche National Grassland, was constructed between 1933 and 1941 by the Civil Works Administration (CWA), the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), and the Works Progress Administration (WPA). It consists of three buildings: an elementary school, gymnasium, and high school. The buildings are made of local sandstone and materials salvaged from the historic Fort Lyon.
  • Serpent Mound State Memorial - Peebles OH
    Serpent Mound is the largest effigy mound in North America. The site is a National Historic Landmark and, with eight other Native American earthworks in Ohio, is on the US Tentative List of sites submitted to UNESCO as a proposed World Heritage Site. Several New Deal agencies contributed to the memorial site: CWA (1933-34) – Funded surveys and topographic map of the mound and park, renovated historic-era buildings, planned and possibly initiated construction of two restroom buildings next to the parking lot. Restroom buildings used brick from the 1823 Second Baptist Church in Clarksville, OH (about 47 miles WNW of Serpent...
  • Sewer - Honaker VA
    The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)'s "constructive project work" in Russell County, Virginia included a sewer project.
  • Sewer System - Atlanta GA
    Numerous New Deal agencies contributed to the development of metropolitan Atlanta's sewer system during the Great Depression. Atlanta initially applied for PWA funding in July 1933, but lack of local contribution caused the city government to withdraw the application and shift it to CWA in December 1933. CWA approved funds to modernize the metropolitan area sewer system, contingent on matching funds from city and county. in March 1934, FERA began work on new sewer lines, and in 1935, the project transferred to the WPA after the passing of a bond issue. Employment was estimated at 5,000 to 6,000 men. In 1936,...
  • Sewer System - Key West FL
    The FERA initiated construction of Key West's sewerage system in 1935-36. In 1935, the WPA took over FERA activities, and likely continued sewer construction efforts.
  • Sewers - Barre VT
    The City of Barre relied heavily on federal relief programs for the improvement and development of its sewer network during the Great Depression.
  • Sewers - Belfast ME
    The 1934 town report noted that "Sanitary sewers were constructed with E. R. A. labor the full length of Harbor and Bell Streets, on Union between Harbor and Bell and on Bay View from Harbor to Allyn."
  • Sewers - Belmont MA
    Massachusetts Metropolitan District Commission annual reports detail a New Deal-aided project in the north Boston metro area. 1934 report: "At the close of 1934 sites had been selected for an Intermediate High Service Reservoir on Arlington Heights and for a pumping station on Clifton Street in Belmont to improve the service for portions of Belmont, Watertown and Arlington. There was strong objection from the residents near Clifton Street and from the town officials to the construction of a pumping station in that location, and as a result the 1935 working season was well advanced before it was finally determined to locate the...
  • Sewers - Casper WY
    The Civil Works Administration (CWA) and Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) constructed sewers in north Casper, Wyoming. Casper Star-Tribune, March 3, 1935: "A long-felt community need was laying of the North Casper sanitary sewer system, now nearing completion, at a cost of $38,158 to date." Cassity: "In Casper, the CWA improved and extended the sanitary sewer system to a part of town previously without."
  • Sewers - Madison ME
    Community notes of April 25, 1935 document that FERA was involved in constructing sewer lines on Thomas and Heald Streets in a project that employed 34 men for several weeks. The Thomas St sewer pipe was 10 inches and the Heald St. pipe is 12 inches.
  • Sewers and Catch Basins - Lewiston ME
    Lewiston took full advantage of New Deal funds to get much work accomplished during the years of the economic depression. One of these federally funded projects was the upgrade of the sewer system. During the hard winter of 1933/34, "Sewer pipes are now being laid on Castle, Dill, Eustis and Foch St. Sewer pipes on Glenwood St., Boston Ave. and at Barkerville are soon to be laid." 1934 Mayors Report: E. R. A. "Please let me enumerate some of the most important projects completed during this last year under the E. R. A. All proposed projects on sewerage have been accomplished to the...
  • Sewers and Drains - Framingham MA
    Between 1933 and 1943 multiple New Deal agencies: the C.W.A., F.E.R.A., and W.P.A., funded labor for the drastic expansion of sewers and other drainage pipes in Framingham, Mass. In all 17 miles of sewers and eight miles of drains were constructed as a result of these projects along dozens of roads across the town.
  • Sewers and Drains - Maynard MA
    The Civil Works Administration (C.W.A.) and Federal Emergency Relief Administration (F.E.R.A.) constructed drains in Maynard, Massachusetts in 1934. Construction occurred along Florida Rd., Waltham St., and Summer St., and a catch basin was built at Haynes St. Work continued in subsequent years under the Works Progress Administration (W.P.A.).
  • Sewers and Drains - Wayland MA
    F.E.R.A. conducted a drainage project on Shawmut Ave. in 1934.
  • Seymour School (former) Improvements - West Hartford CT
    In 1933 the federal Civil Works Administration (C.W.A.) furnished the labor for upgrading the conditions of what was then known as the Seymour School. Specifically, four light bulbs were installed in each classroom, improving lighting substantially. During the winter of 1934-5 the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (F.E.R.A.) conducted repair work and painting at the "new section" of the school. The West Hartford Library details the history of the building: "Smith Elementary School was originally called the Seymour School and was first opened in 1915. In 1948, the name of the school was changed to honor Florence E. Smith who had been its...
  • Shakamak State Park - Jasonville IN
    Shakamak is an attractive site today, but in 1930 when it opened as a state park, much of the parcel was a wasteland of abandoned strip mines. Shakamak State Park entered a new phase of development during the Great Depression. In the winter of 1933-34, the Civil Works Administration (CWA) employed hundreds of local men to build trails, shelters, and a new lake. The dam was completed by the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) which also constructed fish ponds and pens for exotic animals. In 1937, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) finished the projects. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) constructed...
  • Shakamak State Park: Dams - Jasonville IN
    The dams were completed by Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) in 1937.
  • Sheridan County Airport Improvements - Sheridan WY
    Multiple New Deal work relief agencies were involved in the development of what is now known as Sheridan County Airport. The Civil Works Administration (CWA) began and Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) completed improvement work at the Sheridan Airport, in one project. The work included the building of runways. Per a DoD report, a Works Progress Administration (WPA) project involved: "Improve Sheridan Municipal Airport by extending and paving runways, taxiways, sanitary sewers, cattle guard and gate, drainage, lighting." WPA Project No. 265-1-83-24; cost: $9,000; sponsor: Sheridan County.
  • Sherwood Playground Improvements - Washington DC
    The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA) funded improvements at the Sherwood Playground in Washington DC. The work consisted of the following improvements: FERA, 1934-1935, “Wrecked two houses; remodeled garage into shelter house (50 percent complete).” (Report of the Government of the District of Columbia 1936) WPA, 1935-1936, “grading 1,000 cubic yards.” (Report of the Government of the District of Columbia 1936) WPA, 1936-1937, “Continued grading 1,000 cubic yards, renovized two small houses for temporary use as (1) playground shelter and (2) marionette workshop.” (Report of the Government of the District of Columbia 1937) WPA, 1937-1938, “Grading, filling, fencing.” (Report of the Government...
  • Sidewalks - Ashland MA
    The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (F.E.R.A.) constructed sidewalks in Ashland, Massachusetts's in 1935, including along West Union St. and the no-longer-extant Granite St.
  • Sidewalks - Barre VT
    Federal relief programs conducted sidewalk construction and improvement work in Barre, Vermont.
  • Sidewalks - Framingham MA
    Between 1933 and 1943 multiple New Deal agencies: the C.W.A., F.E.R.A., and W.P.A., combined to construct 18 miles of 'permanent concrete sidewalks' throughout Framingham, Mass., as well as 12 miles of curbing. In addition to improvements to the existing sidewalk network and outright extensions in Framingham, the W.P.A. rebuilt 900 square yards of sidewalk during the final three months of 1938 in response to the monster hurricane that caused damage across the Northeast.
  • Sidewalks - Lewiston ME
    Approximately half Lewiston' sidewalks s seems were built by the New Deal. "1934 Mayors Report: E. R. A. Please let me enumerate some of the most important projects completed during this last year under the E. R. A. about 12 miles of permanent sidewalks; thousands of feet of curbing were relayed; nearly 8 miles of temporary sidewalks;" "12 Permanent sidewalks: There were 69,450 feet or approximately 12 miles of permanent sidewalks constructed in the following streets: Lincoln, Cedar, Oxford, River Lower Lisbon, Park, Knox, Bates,Blake, Bartlett, Horton, Howe, Shawmut, Howard,  Bradley, Jefferson, Webster, Orange. Sylvan Ave., Colder, Lafayette, Newman, Campus Ave. Nichols, Wood, Maple, Birch, Walnut,...
  • Sidewalks - Maynard MA
    The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (F.E.R.A.) constructed sidewalks along Concord St. in Maynard, Massachusetts in 1934. Work continued in subsequent years with the Works Progress Administration (W.P.A.). The sidewalks, according to the town's Selectmen, "have added greatly to the appearance of the town and safety and comfort of its citizens."
  • Sidewalks - Oxford MA
    Multiple New Deal agencies assisted with the construction of sidewalks in Oxford, Mass. and North Oxford, Mass. during the 1930s. One project included the construction of a sidewalk at Barber Hollow.
  • Sidewalks - Waterville ME
    "During June, 1934, a project for concrete sidewalk construction was started in Waterville. This project was self-sustaining and cost the ERA nothing except for labor and trucks. From June until the last of October, 6,671 lineal feet of 4'0" and 6'0" sidewalk was built. Of this amount 823 feet of 4'0" walk was constructed on Winter and West Winter Streets, completing both sides from beginning to and making the first street in the city to be so beautified. On Burleigh Street 1,509 lineal feet of 5'0" walk was constructed. This construction of concrete sidewalk was continued at the beginning of the summer...
  • Sidewalks - Wayland MA
    Multiple New Deal agencies contributed to the construction of sidewalks in Wayland, Mass.
  • Simonds Park Development - Burlington MA
    The F.E.R.A. and W.P.A. conducted development and improvement work at Simonds Park in Burlington, Mass. Work included the construction of tennis courts, the grading of land, and work on baseball fields.
  • Simonds Park Improvements - Burlington MA
    Among other work at Simonds Park, in Burlington, Mass., the F.E.R.A contributed to the construction of tennis courts in 1934. The foundation of the tennis courts was broken stone, acquired from the "blasting and moving of a great quantity of ledge" while expanding the park's ball field. The W.P.A. continued work at the site.
  • Smith Field - Fort Wayne IN
    "Federal New Deal employment programs of the Great Depression further upgraded the airfield. In 1933, the Commerce Department’s Aeronautics Branch and the Civil Works Administration (CWA) began a nationwide program of airport development. The CWA funded 13,108 man-hours of labor on Baer Field in 1933 alone, including drainage, lighting, sodding, tree removal, improved heating systems, improved parking areas, and the creation of flowerbeds. By 1934, the airport had improved the concrete runways and aprons, and in 1935 and 1936, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) funded more concrete pavement, lighting upgrades, and radio communication equipment. Old Baer Field was one of...
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