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  • Central Park: Bridle Paths - New York NY
    Though Central Park was created in the 19th century by Olmsted and Vaux, the New Deal helped the Parks Department carry out massive improvements to the park from 1934 to 1938. Work relief funds and labor were used to construct 4 1/2 miles of bridle paths in the park: one circling the Reservoir, one around the North Meadow and one at the southern end of the park.   (www.kermitproject.org)
  • Central Park: Great Lawn - New York NY
    Though Central Park was originally established in the 1850s, New Deal workers carried out massive improvements to the park from 1934 to 1938. Work included the creation of the park's Great Lawn. The site was formerly the Lower Reservoir, which had recently been drained only to become a 'Hooverville' of people left unemployed and homeless by the Great Depression. With the help of CWA funding and labor in 1934 and most likely further WPA aid in 1935, the Parks Department had transformed the area into today's Great Lawn by 1936, featuring 8 ball fields and a promenade around the perimeter.   (www.kermitproject.org)  
  • Central Park: North Meadow Ball Fields - New York NY
    Though Central Park was created in the 19th century by Olmsted and Vaux, the New Deal help the Parks Department carry out massive improvements to the park from 1934 to 1938.  Work relief funds and labor were used to create 15 new baseball fields in the old North Meadow, where ball playing had long gone on informally.       
  • Central Park: Tavern on the Green - New York NY
    Based on Department of Parks press releases from the 1930s, researcher Frank da Cruz describes the role of federal funding in constructing this restaurant in Central Park: "What we know today as the Tavern on the Green in Central Park at West 66th Street was originally a “sheep fold”; that is, a barn for the sheep that used to graze on the Sheep Meadow." Meanwhile the Central Park Casino, an exclusive club for the rich and powerful situated across the park, was deemed an improper use of public land and torn down and the sheep fold converted into a ”popular priced...
  • Central States Forest Experimental Station - Martinsville IN
    Concrete foundation, clapboard walls. Gabled roof, asphalt shingles, stone chimney. Carpenters is other skilled workers employed through the Civil Works Administration (CWA) worked on the buildings as well as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). The building is now only used occasionally.
  • Charles Street Sewer - York PA
    The Civil Works Administration (CWA) conducted a sewer project on Charles Street in York, Pennsylvania.
  • Charter Oak School Improvements - West Hartford CT
    In 1933/4 the federal Civil Works Administration (C.W.A.) furnished the labor for redecoration / painting full interior of what was then known as the "south Center School." Living New Deal believes this to be the building now known as Charter Oak Elementary School.
  • Chelsea St. Bridge Improvements - Boston MA
    A Boston Public Works Department report cited Federal Emergency Relief Administration (F.E.R.A.) labor as conducting the following work: "he Chelsea Viaduct was repaved and a guard rail constructed."
  • Chestnut Hill Road Development - Newark DE
    Delaware utilized substantial federal resources in developing and improving its road network during the Great Depression. Among the dozens of projects undertaken by the federal Civil Works Administration (C.W.A.) during 1934 was construction along Chestnut Hill Road in Newark. An average of 1,410 were put to work each week during 1934 as a result of the CWA's road, sidewalk, bridge, and other related infrastructure efforts in Delaware.  
  • Chestnut Street Development - New Castle DE
    Delaware utilized substantial federal resources in developing and improving its road network during the Great Depression. Among the dozens of projects undertaken by the federal Civil Works Administration (C.W.A.) during 1934 was filling and paving work done along Chestnut Street in New Castle. An average of 1,410 were put to work each week during 1934 as a result of the CWA's road, sidewalk, bridge, and other related infrastructure efforts in Delaware.  
  • Cheyenne River School (former) Improvements - Niobrara County WY
    The Civil Works Administration (CWA) conducted improvement and repair work at the former Cheyenne River School building in Niobrara County, Wyoming in 1933/4: "t also needs to be remembered that the schools were not just schools. At the Cheyenne River School (and elsewhere too), the justification was plain: “this school house, in addition to being an institution of learning is used as a meeting hall by all people of that part of the county. It is badly in need of the outlined repairs.”" Sources suggest that the former school building is still extant, about 23 miles south of Newcastle, Wyoming, at...
  • Chico Municipal Airport - Chico CA
    The Civil Works Administration (CWA) worked on the Chico airport in 1934 and the Works Progress Administration (WPA) improved and finished the work in 1935. The specifics of what they did are only partially known to the Living New Deal. WPA job cards at the Fresno Public Library describe some of the work completed by the WPA: "WPA Project No. 65-3-1920, Application date 9-25-35, $12,365 'Airport Improvements.' Presidential Letter #866 - 10-24-35 - Rescinded $12,365 Project Rescinded. O.P. 115-03-4508 Takes the place of the above project - See application folder for accepted G.A.O. Description" "WPA Project No. 65-3-1920, Application Date 11/5/35, $12,365, 'Continuation of...
  • Christiana River Dikes - Wilmington DE
    Delaware utilized substantial federal resources in developing and improving its road network during the Great Depression. Among the dozens of projects undertaken by the federal Civil Works Administration (C.W.A.) during 1934 was raising and repairing dikes along the Christiana River. An average of 1,410 were put to work each week during 1934 as a result of the CWA's road, sidewalk, bridge, and other related infrastructure efforts in Delaware.  
  • Christiansted Junior High School (Former) Repairs - St. Croix VI
    The Federal Emergency Relief Administration and the Civil Works Administration carried out “repairs and renewals” work at the Christiansted Junior High School (renamed Elena Christian Junior High School) on St. Croix.
  • Church Street Development - Wilmington DE
    Delaware utilized substantial federal resources in developing and improving its road network during the Great Depression. Among the dozens of projects undertaken by the federal Civil Works Administration (C.W.A.) during 1934 was construction along Church Street in Wilmington. According to Delaware's Annual Report of the Chief Engineer State Highway Department, 1934: The work was carried on throughout the State, and consisted largely of clearing and grubbing, ditching, grading, sodding, construction of sidewalks, building of masonry culverts and bridges and the re­ pairing of dikes along the banks of the Delaware and Christian Rivers. An average of 1,410 were put to work each week...
  • Citizens' Cemetery Boundary Wall - Prescott AZ
    In the winter of 1933-34, the relief workers of the Civil Works Administration (CWA) built a fine stone wall, 4-6 feet high, around the entire 6.5 acre Citizens' Cemetery. A metal fence has been added on top of the south side wall to discourage anyone from climbing over. Citizens' Cemetery was created in 1864, the same year as the founding of Prescott AZ.  It is now part of the Prescott Armory Historic District, which was placed on the National Register in 1994.  The latter includes Ken Lindley Park, the Museum of Indigenous People, and the former National Guard Armory (now the Grace...
  • City Building Repairs - Lewiston ME
    The mayors address in the 1933 town report mentions a Civil Works Administration project for repairs at the 1892 baroque revival style building. "City building is now being rewired, painted and varnished as you may see." This project was part of $239,193.23 spent in the city for unemployment relief. The mayor's address in the 1934 town report mentions an E.R.A. project for modernizing the wiring in City Building.
  • City Garage - Hutchinson KS
    The Civil Works Administration (CWA) constructed a new/enlarged municipal garage just south of the Convention Hall (Memorial Hall), at the northwest corner of E Ave. B and S. Walnut St. in Hutchinson, Kansas. The Hutchinson News: "The city is acquiring lots just south of Convention Hall facing on Avenue B with a 148 foot front. On the new site is a brick building on the alley across tho court from Convention hall which is now used by the city. The plan is to enlarge it, with an extension to the south of a storage garage to be used for city trucks...
  • City Hall - Clare MI
    The City Hall for Clare, Michigan, was begun in 1933 under the auspices of the Civil Works Administration (CWA) and led by architect R. V. Gay. Details of the project's origins can be found in the 1933 document, General Construction Specifications.
  • City Hall - Nashua NH
    Nashua municipal reports for 1934 document that a project to paint the old city hall was either a CWA or FERA project. In 1936, the town decided that the old building was no longer adequate and applied to the PWA for assistance. The federal grants came through, and work on the new city hall and police station commenced in 1937.
  • City Hall - Wallins Creek KY
    The federal Civil Works Administration (CWA) constructed a new city hall building for the town of Wallins , Kentucky. The exact location and present status of the building is unknown to Living New Deal.
  • City Hall (demolished) Restoration - Huntington Park CA
    The first Huntington Park city hall was constructed in 1914 at the corner of Pacific Boulevard and Irvington Avenue (now Gage Avenue). It was badly damaged in the massive 1933. In 1934, it was rebuilt with a new Art Deco exterior. A plaque on the current city hall explains that the 1934 restoration was completed under the Federal Civil Works Act. In 1947 the city hall moved to a new building on Miles Avenue, where it remains today. The CWA plaque was moved to the new location. The 1930s CWA building has since been demolished.
  • City Hall (former) - Easton PA
    Architect John Reilly designed plans to rebuild the Easton City Hall, March 7, 1933, following damage by fire in December 1932. City Council approved application to Civil Works Administration December 1933. Construction began in January 1934. Work on CWA funded projects was suspended in late February, but resumed on the city hall project April 3, 1934 when the men were called back to work. Work was temporarily halted, and again resumed in May when the city hall project was ordered to proceed at 100 percent capacity. By August, progress was reported behind schedule because only a small amount of funds...
  • City Hall (former) Painting - Georgetown SC
    The federal Civil Works Administration (CWA) conducted much work in and around Georgetown, South Carolina during the early years of the New Deal. The Georgetown Times wrote: "Started by the CWA and completed by the FERA, the paint job which was put on the old City Hall at the foot of Screven Street has rejuvenated the ancient landmark." The old City Hall, erected in 1843 on Front Street, is home to the Town Clock.
  • City Hall (work site) - Elmira NY
    Alterations to City Hall were undertaken and the labor funded by the federal Civil Works Administration in 1934. In addition to physical modifications, the CWA funded clerical assistance: "The city has also been notified that salaries of an auditor and two clerks engaged in the distribution of surplus foods will be paid by CWA."
  • City Hall and Fire Station (former) - Pinehurst NC
    The Civil Works Administration (CWA) and Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) dramatically improved the former multi-purpose municipal building at 45 Community Road in Pinehurst, North Carolina. "In Pinehurst, Moore County, project No. 63-B4-5, transferred from the Civil Works Administration, has provided a combination city hall, fire station and public hall. An old community building was remodeled under this project to provide more adequate municipal facilities."
  • City Hall Improvements - Magnolia MS
    Magnolia's City Hall was painted and various repairs and improvements completed with CWA funds of $2,404.23 toward a total cost of $3,427.20. The most significant improvement was replacing a board wall around the jail windows with a brick wall.
  • City Park - La Junta CO
    "Constructed between 1933 and 1941, the park demonstrates the importance of federal relief programs in Colorado during the Great Depression. The Civil Works Administration project focused on drainage in the park, while the later Works Progress Administration projects involved extensive landscaping that included building the lake; planting trees and building drives; and constructing rustic stone walls, benches and buildings. La Junta City Park is the primary park for the community. Although the land was donated to the city in 1905, few improvements were made. The New Deal projects converted an underutilized and poorly drained park into a location for active...
  • City Park - Pueblo CO
    Multiple New Deal agencies collaborated in the development of Pueblo's City Park (and one of its primary components, the Pueblo Zoo). Stunning stone facilities and walls throughout the park are still in good condition. There are at least two WPA plaques located in the park: one at the entrance and one affixed to one of the stone buildings at the park's tennis court complex. The plaques state: ERECTED THROUGH THE COOPERATION OF FEDERAL STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BY WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION DEDICATED TO THE ENRICHMENT OF HUMAN LIVES * A RECORD OF * * PERMANENT * * ACHIEVEMENT *
  • Citywide Infrastructure Improvements - Oakland ME
    New Deal federal works programs completed widespread infrastructure improvement projects throughout Oakland, Maine. Michael J. Denis's report "Some Tidbits of Oakland History" details the following: "Clyde G Blake, the new road commissioner, noted in 1934 that most roads were widened, 825 feet of stone base road was laid on Ten Lots Road, 3350 feet of state aid road was constructed on Fairfield Street, and 4000 feet of Rice's Ripps Road, 900 feet of Summer Street, and 800 feet of Fairfield Street were resurfaced. Hosea Ireland was back as commissioner in 1935. He noted 2950 feet of improved road on Fairfield Street, 900...
  • Civic Center - Potsdam NY
    The Civil Works Administration (CWA) and Temporary Emergency Relief Administration (TERA) constructed the historic Potsdam civic center. NRHP nomination form: "The Potsdam Civic Center shares salient associations with Depression-era New Deal programs and politics, particularly as manifested in the process that led to its construction. It is representative of local community planning efforts by those who endeavored to build it, and remains an important social history document given its use for a wide range of social gatherings since its completion in the mid-1930s. The building is additionally significant as an example of Neoclassical-style civic design, and one which incorporated an existing...
  • Civic Improvements - Twin Falls ID
    In 1933-34, a large number of civil improvements were made to Twin Falls, Idaho by the Civil Works Administration (CWA) and Idaho Emergency Relief Administration (IERA). The works were done by relief workers hired from local jobless rolls in the depths of the Great Depression. Both CWA and IERA were funded by the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), to the tune of around $250,000. The civic improvements included the City Park band shell, work at the water treatment plant, tennis court at Harmon Park, painting Shoshone Street bridge, grading over 200 blocks of city streets, and graveling 95 blocks of streets.
  • Claremont Inn Reconstruction (demolished) - New York NY
    The Claremont Inn was first built in 1804 and was located along the Hudson River, just north of where Grant’s Tomb stands today until its demise in 1951. For years, a succession of aristocrats lived in the house, including Joseph Bonaparte, ex-King of Spain and Napoleon’s brother. In the 1840s it was converted into a “road house” and in the 1870s, the building was acquired by the City as part of Riverside Park. The inn’s heyday lasted until the 1920s, with visitors and shoppers stopping at the inn for expensive luncheons. With Prohibition, however, the Claremont’s popularity declined. Only in the...
  • Clarksville Street Sanitary Sewer - Greenville PA
    The federal Civil Works Administration constructed a sanitary sewer along Clarksville Street in Greenville, Pennsylvania between 1933 and 1934. The road continues to be a major artery in the town.
  • Clinton Street Sewer - Delaware City DE
    The Civil Works Administration (CWA) conducted a project "which consisted of sewer extensions on lower Clinton street ..." in Delaware City. The project was completed in Jan. 1934.
  • Clubhouse - Riverton WY
    The Civil Works Administration (CWA) constructed a clubhouse at a golf course in Riverton, Wyoming. The location and status of this facility are unknown to Living New Deal.
  • Cochituate Water System - Wayland MA
    Multiple New Deal agencies contributed to the construction of water mains and development of the water system for Wayland, Mass. Examples of water mains installed or replaced: Stanton St., Harrison St., and Dunster Ave. in 1933; Old Connecticut Path and Sycamore Rd. in 1934.
  • Codornices Park Tennis and Handball Courts - Berkeley CA
    The Civil Works Administration (CWA) built tennis and handball courts at Codornices Park – most of which lies on the east side of Euclid Road and is accessed via a pedestrian tunnel from the ball courts, which are on the west side of the road.  The tennis and handball courts adjoin the more famous Berkeley Rose Garden.  The CWA was the short-lived predecessor (1933-34) to the better known Works Progress Administration (WPA), which constructed the Rose Garden.  It is likely that the CWA began the work for the Rose Garden by creating the semi-circular hollow out of the valley cut by Codornices...
  • Cold Harbor National Cemetery Improvements - Mechanicsville VA
    "In the early 20th century, service structures including tool, well and oil houses were built and rebuilt. Civil Works Administration laborers did much of this construction during the 1930s."
  • Collierville High School - Collierville TN
    The Classical Revival (Art Moderne and Neoclassical Revival influences) two-story school was constructed over a period of 4 years. The project began with $250,000 from CWA in 1933-34, shifted to TERA in 1935, and was completed by WPA workers in 1935-36 (Van West, 2001). When the new high school was constructed, the building was converted to use as Collierville Middle School. The proposal is to utilize the building for future use as administrative offices for the school district. The building is designated with National Register of Historic Places status.
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