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  • Daughters of the Republic of Texas Meeting Hall - San Antonio TX
    Work had been done on the Alamo grounds in 1934 under the Texas Relief Commission which had been established in 1933 by Governor M.A. (Ma) Ferguson and used Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) funds. A marker confirming this work is on the wall facing Crocket Street that connects the DRT meeting hall and their Library was relocated there from another lower wall that was present in the 1930's. Lewis Fisher writes in Saving San Antonio The Precarious Preservation of a Heritage that the City agreed to donate the fire station in the fall of 1936 and references an article in the...
  • Dead Indian Soda Springs Shelter - Eagle Point OR
    The Dead Indian Soda Springs Shelter was built in 1936 by the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) on the Ashland Ranger District of the Rogue River National Forest. The structure is significant for its association with the CCC activities in recreational development in southwestern Oregon, as part of the federal government's response to the Great Depression. Submitted as part of a multiple property submission, "U.S. Forest Service Historic Structures on the Rogue River National Forest, Oregon," the Dead Indian Soda Springs Shelter represents its historic context, "CCC/FERA Recreation Development on the Rogue River National Forest 1933 to 1942." The building...
  • Denali Park Road - Denali National Park AK
    The PWA helped complete the 91-mile Denali Park Road, from the park entrance to Kantishna. The road aided mining and tourism and is still used today.
  • Descalabrado Road Improvements - Santa Isabel PR
    The Puerto Rico Emergency Relief Administration carried out repair and maintenance work on Descalabrado Road in Santa Isabel.
  • Diego Hernandez Road Improvements - Yauco PR
    The Puerto Rico Emergency Relief Administration carried out repair and maintenance work in Diego Hernandez in Yauco.
  • Differential Analyzer (Mechanical Computer) - Philadelphia PA
    In 1934-1935, the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania built a differential analyzer, an early type of computer. Designed by Oscar Schuck, it was the second of its kind – the first differential analyzer was constructed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1931. Funds and skilled labor (for example, electricians and instrument makers) came from the Civil Works Administration (CWA) and the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). A government report from Pennsylvania described the differential analyzer: “The machine weighs 3-1/2 tons. It is approximately 30 feet long, 10 feet wide and 5 feet high. It contains...
  • Dike - Hatfield MA
    The federal Civil Works Administration (C.W.A.) and Federal Emergency Relief Administration (F.E.R.A.) furnished the cost of labor for the construction of a dike in Hatfield, Massachusetts. The project was started Nov. 29, 1933 by the C.W.A. Grading, loaming, and seeding work continued under F.E.R.A. and was completed Sept. 15, 1034 Dozens of men were employed; the C.W.A. paid $9,203.55 for the labor and F.E.R.A. $1,245. The Town of Hatfield supplied only the cost of materials for the project, a small fraction of the total cost.
  • Dorchester Avenue Bridge (former) Repairs - Boston MA
    A Boston Public Works Department report cited Federal Emergency Relief Administration (F.E.R.A.) labor as conducting the following work: "Repairs to fender piers of Dorchester Avenue Bridge." The bridge spanned Fort Point Channel.
  • Dover Street Bridge (former) Repairs - Boston MA
    A Boston Public Works Department report cited Federal Emergency Relief Administration (F.E.R.A.) labor as conducting the following work: "Work of splicing piles, replacing decayed pipe caps, stringers, planking, etc., was done at Dover Street Bridge, on both fender piers. Both piers have been practically rebuilt" (1934). "Dover Street Bridge chipped and painted; steel and rollers of turntable cleaned and red leaded and draw fender piers repaired" (1935). Dover Street is the former name for East Berkeley Street and West 4th St. The bridge crossed what had been Fort Point Channel. The landscape in this part of Boston has undergone highly significant...
  • Drains - Nome AK
    The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) conducted numerous projects in Nome, Alaska, including construction of drains. Per The Nome Nugget: The Nome Committee of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration is still carrying on work in Nome. About ten men are at work constructing a main drain from First Avenue on the corner by the Office of Indian Affairs north to the corner by the U. S. Weather Bureau blocks away. At present the men are digging a ditch for the placing of the drain which is made of wood. A steam boiler is being used to thaw frozen ground. This work is being...
  • Duck Cove School (former) Improvements - Bucksport ME
    The town's annual report from 1934 reports that: "The Federal Emergency Relief Administration aided greatly in improving our school buildings and grounds... The Duck Cove building was painted inside and outside and the roof shingled." The Duck Cove school building still stands: "Built in 1895, this wood frame one-room schoolhouse served as a school until 1943, and been owned by a local community organization since. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993... It was transferred to the Duck Cove Community Club , which has maintained it and used it has a clubhouse since then."  (Wikipedia)
  • Dudley Pond Bathing Beach - Wayland MA
    F.E.R.A. developed a bathing beach at Dudley Pond in Wayland, Mass.
  • Duke Park - Durham NC
    "In the early 1930s, though, Duke Park became one of several Durham parks that were redeveloped by the Civil Works Administration and Emergency Relief Administration of North Carolina as agents for the Federal Works Progress administration."
  • Duniway Park (improved) - Portland OR
    Although Duniway Park was founded in 1918 to serve residents in south Portland, improvements had been limited and those who used it complained of the odors associated with the landfill that originally established the playground area. In 1934, the Oregon's State Emergency Relief Agency (SERA) authorized funds to improve the park. SERA was funded by the Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) during 1934-1935. FERA operated from May 12, 1933 through 1935 when it was replaced by the Works Progress Administration (WPA) as the New Deal's primary work relief program. One of the city's major newspapers, The Oregonian, reported that the SERA funded...
  • Dwight Street Sewer Improvements - Ansonia CT
    In February 1935, "16 FERA workers complete a storm water sewer project on Hubbell Avenue in Ansonia. They will now join 18 other FERA workers doing a similar project on Dwight Street."
  • Early Oil Wells Historical Marker - Deerwalk WV
    One of the original program markers from 1937, installed by the Federal Emergency Relief Administration. The West Virginia historical marker program began in 1934 with the beginning research for the markers with the intention of placing markers around the state to encourage tourism. Dr. Roy Bird Cook, a Charleston druggist, a longtime commission member, and avocational historian worked on the project. 5,000 sites were collected with 440 markers selected by the commission for placement. Most of these along 44 state and federal highways. The money came from the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA). In addition to the markers,...
  • East Hill School Repairs - St. Croix VI
    The Federal Emergency Relief Administration and the Civil Works Administration carried out “repairs and renewals” work at the East Hill School on St. Croix.
  • East School (demolished) Improvements - West Hartford CT
    In 1933 the federal Civil Works Administration (C.W.A.) furnished the labor for the installation of four light bulbs per classroom in what was then known as the East School. The next year the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (F.E.R.A.) undertook repair work in the basement of the school; repaired concrete floors; and plastered walls. Furthermore F.E.R.A. labor re-painted the school's exterior, conducted roof repairs, repointed bricks, and continued the undertaking of lighting improvements. The school was closed and demolished. West Hartford Library explains that Whiting Lane Elementary School was constructed to replace the East School in 1954. However, it was not built on...
  • East Waushacum Pond Water Diversion - Sterling MA
    Description of a New Deal project in a 1937 annual report: "The work of diverting the water of East Waushacum Pond in Sterling, authorized by Acts of 1934, Chapter 346, was begun July 12, 1935 in co-operation with the town of Clinton as a Federal Emergency Relief Administration Project and was continued in 1936 as a Federal Works Progress Administration Project ..."
  • Eastern Avenue Improvements - Washington DC
    The Civil Works Administration (CWA) and the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) carried out pavement repair and other unspecified improvements to a long segment of Eastern Avenue, from Bunker Hill Road to Queens Chapel Road. This road was paved with “temporary material consisting of broken-concrete base, broken stone, and slag. These large aggregates are choked with smaller material, and an application of asphaltic cement completes the operation. This construction forms a very good temporary roadway.” The work is likely still extant, but invisible and unmarked. In 1936-1937, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) improved a segment of Eastern Avenue NE., from Rhode Island Avenue to Bladensburg...
  • Edgell Memorial Library Improvements - Framingham MA
    In 1935 F.E.R.A./W.P.A. labor painted Framingham's Edgell Library, and conducted plaster repair and woodwork varnishing. "On the outside the doors, sash, and some of the stone masonry were painted, and the rain water conductors were replaced or repaired." The W.P.A. continued work in 1936; "the building has been entirely rewired, modern control replacing obsolete methods, and many lights installed where there had not been any."
  • Edwards Field - Brunswick ME
    "The development of the Edwards Athletic Fields has been one of the most popular projects undertaken in the town of Brunswick. Started a few weeks before the close of CWA, it is being carried to completion by the ERA. The original area acquired by the town was a ten acre square including a large field and some woodland. While the field had been used for baseball, it was not level and there were no facilities for other sports. With ERA labor the entire tract has been leveled, a baseball diamond and a football have been loamed and seeded. The turf will be...
  • El Duque Road Construction - Naguabo PR
    The Puerto Rico Emergency Relief Administration carried out new road construction on El Duque Road in Naguabo.
  • El Monte Clubhouse - Ogden UT
    The historic El Monte Clubhouse in Ogden, Utah was constructed as part of a New Deal project by Civil Works Administration (CWA) and Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). These agencies preced the Works Progress Administration (WPA), to which the building is sometimes attributed. "The project was started under the civil works administration and which is being finished by the ERA. The CWA and ERA organizations have appropriated $17,000 for the building against $5550 from the city." (Ogden Standard-Examiner)
  • El Rodeo Elementary School Mural – Beverly Hills CA
    Hugo Ballin painted a mural, "Rudimentary Education," at El Rodeo Elementary School in Beverly Hills, CA. Completed in 1934, the mural was funded by the Public Works of Art Project (PWAP) and—upon termination of the PWAP—the Federal and State Emergency Relief Administrations (FERA/SERA). The mural is oil on plaster and approximately 1500 square feet. "Ballin traced his design on to the wall for assistants to complete and included several symbolic references. Towards the top was the Egyptian figure of Set, inventor of numbers, and below him, Tubal-Cain, the ancient metal worker. In the center was a scene of a teacher...
  • Election Department Building (demolished) Repairs - Boston MA
    A Boston Public Works Department report cited Federal Emergency Relief Administration (F.E.R.A.) labor as conducting the following work: "The Election Department building, at the corner of Broadway and Dorchester avenue, was repaired." The building is no longer extant.
  • Elementary School (former) Reconstruction - Blaine ME
    "One of the highlights of the School Department this year has been the transformation of the Grammar School. With the assistance of an E. R. A. project and a special allotment from the State School Fund we have been able to move the Town Hall building a satisfactory distance from the road and change its position as to secure the maximum amount of light and heat. The schoolrooms have been moved downstairs and refinished with an ample corridor between, a large furnace, flush toilets, and drinking fountains have been installed and the playground has been graded. Under such changed conditions...
  • Elliott Highway - Livengood AK
    The PWA and FERA built a portion of the Elliott Highway, from Olnes to Livengood: 61-mile sled road converted into a hard surfaced road to allow for automobile traffic.
  • Elm Street Sewer - Hatfield MA
    The federal Civil Works Administration (C.W.A.) and Federal Emergency Relief Administration (F.E.R.A.) furnished the cost of labor for the construction of a 750-foot-long sewer along Elm Street in Hatfield, Massachusetts, including four catch basins for storm water. The Town of Hatfield supplied only the cost of materials for the project.
  • Elm Street Sidewalk - Hatfield MA
    The  Federal Emergency Relief Administration (F.E.R.A.) furnished the cost of labor for the construction of a sidewalk along Elm Street in Hatfield, Massachusetts. The 11-man project cost the Town of Hatfield supplied only the price of materials for the project.
  • Ephraim Fire House Museum - Ephraim WI
    The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) funded the Ephraim Fire House in Ephraim WI in 1935. Unusual fire house built into a cliff. Architect was William Bernhard, a student of Frank Lloyd Wright. Now a museum and a memorial to fall firemen and women. According to the Wisconsin Historical Society, "The Ephraim Engine House was constructed of local limestone in 1935 following a design by prominent local architect William Bernhard. Construction of the building relied on funds provided by FERA. As such, although Bernhard drew the plans for the structure in 1934, construction did not begin until April of 1935, when FERA funds...
  • Epping-Springbrook Dam - ND
    The Epping-Springbrook Dam was the "largest earthfill dam in the State. Constructed as an FERA and WPA project, it was completed in 1936. This bulwark on STONY CREEK has created a lake covering 180 acres, which, including a strip of land around the water, will be made into a State park devoted entirely to recreation." The exact location and current status of the project is unknown to Living New Deal, though we believe the dam to be no longer extant.
  • Erosion Control - Old Lyme CT
    The Works Progress Administration (WPA) conducted a project in Old Lyme, CT entailing "riprapping a section of shore front to preserve roadway from washout."
  • Factor and Santana Roads Improvements - Arecibo PR
    The Puerto Rico Emergency Relief Administration carried out repair and maintenance work on Factor and Santana Roads in Arecibo.
  • Fair Grandstand - Skowhegan ME
    The Skowhegan State Fair is “The Nations Oldest Consecutively Running Agricultural Fair” Celebrating 197 Years. During the Great Depression, various public works projects were initiated in town, including the construction of a grandstand for the racetrack. According to the Independent Reporter, "The Grandstand project which includes the construction of a ticket office and other improvements calls for four carpenters and two laborers. The amount appropriated in ERA funds is $891" A later article reports "The carpenter-foreman at the Fairgrounds is Ralph Buxton. At the time a crew is engaged in building a ticket office as part of the new grandstand equipment. "The Grandstand,...
  • Fairchild Wheeler Golf Course - Fairfield CT
    FERA started and the WPA completed the construction of these two 18-hole golf courses between 1933 and 1940.
  • Fairmount Park Improvements - Riverside CA
    Other small improvements were made by the WPA in Riverside in the area of culture and recreation. The zoo and tennis courts which had been built at Fairmount Park by the Emergency Relief Appropriations (ERA) in 1933 were supplemented in 1938 by the WPA’s construction of a Masonry Club House and a pistol range, both of which were to be available for public use. The zoo was removed in the 1950s. It is not known whether the current tennis courts are at the original site or relocated. The status of the Masonry club house is not known nor the pistol range.
  • Ferdinand State Forest Lake Ferdinand - Ferdinand IN
    Approx. 40-acre lake impounded by earth dam. A combined Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) and Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) project. Lake intended in part as water supply for a fish hatchery below the dam. CCC Co. 1513 occupied the camp in the new state forest in May 1934.
  • Fernridge Park Development - West Hartford CT
    In 1933/4 the federal Civil Works Administration (C.W.A.) furnished the labor toward the development of Fernridge Park in West Hartford. A Report of Town Officials from 1934 states: With the aid of ... C. W. A. labor, three additional tennis courts were completed and put to use. Paths from Keeney Avenue and from Whitman Avenue, to the clubhouse were completed. Under the landscape division of the C. W. A., large numbers of trees and shrubs have been planted at this playfield, enhancing the scenic beauty of this park to a great extent. The town's 1935 report cites Federal Emergency Relief Administration (F.E.R.A.)...
  • Fifth Regiment Armory Building - Baltimore MD
    National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: "The Fifth Regiment was the first armory built by the State for the National Guard. ... The original structure cost $450,000 to build and had a barrel vault roof over the drill hall floor, which was apparently finished with sheet metal. After a series of damaging fires, the roof and interior of the entire building were completely destroyed by an uncontrollable blaze in 1933. Wyatt and Nolting were recalled to the site to rebuild all but the exterior shell of the first floor and balcony. Operating under tight budget constraints ($1.4 million was...
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